BURKERT,BURKERT電磁閥，寶德電磁閥

BURKERT,BURKERT電磁閥，寶德電磁閥
BURKERT，德國寶德，成立已有快70年，在德國、法國有5家工廠，是家針對流體控制域的產品和系統的研發、制造的性跨國企業，也是這個域的者。
原理：通電時，電磁線圈產生電磁力把關閉件從閥座上提起，閥門打開；斷電時，電磁力消失，彈簧把關閉件壓在閥座上，閥門關閉。
特點：在真空、負壓、零壓時能正常工作，但通徑般不超過25mm。
直動式電磁閥：
原理：它是種直動和導式相結合的原理，當入口與出口沒有壓差時，通電后，電磁力直接把導小閥和主閥關閉件依次向上提起，閥門打開。當入口與出口達到啟動壓差時，通電后，電磁力導小閥，主閥下腔壓力上升，上腔壓力下降，從而利用壓差把主閥向上推開；斷電時，導閥利用彈簧力或介質壓力推動關閉件，向下移動，使閥門關閉。
特點：在零壓差或真空、高壓時亦能可*動作，但功率較大，要求必須水平安裝。
導式電磁閥：
原理：通電時，電磁力把導孔打開，上腔室壓力迅速下降，在關閉件周圍形成上低下高的壓差，流體壓力推動關閉件向上移動，閥門打開；斷電時，彈簧力把導孔關閉，入口壓力通過旁通孔迅速腔室在關閥件周圍形成下低上高的壓差，流體壓力推動關閉件向下移動，關閉閥門。
特點： 流體壓力范圍上限較高，可任意安裝（需定制）但必須滿足流體壓差條件
對電磁閥在應用中的點認識：
電磁閥在我們的中應用十分廣泛，我們在對的維護中定遇見過不少有關電磁閥的問題，也處理過各種各樣的故障，大家也定積累了不少有關電磁閥故障處理的經驗，而我在維護中處理電磁閥故障相對別的儀控故障相對較少，現在我就這個問題起和大家討論，渴望從大家那里學習更多的經驗，共同提高。
我們對電磁閥有個初步的認識，電磁閥是由電磁線圈和磁芯組成，是包含個或幾個孔的閥體。當線圈通電或斷電時，磁芯的運轉將導致流體通過閥體或被切斷，以達到改變流體方向的目的。電磁閥的電磁部件由固定鐵芯、動鐵芯、線圈等部件組成；閥體部分由滑閥芯、滑閥套、彈簧底座等組成。電磁線圈被直接安裝在閥體上，閥體被封閉在密封管中，構成個簡潔、緊湊的組合。我們在中常用的電磁閥有二位三通、二位四通、二位五通等。這里說說二位的含義：對于電磁閥來說就是帶電和失電，對于所控制的閥門來說就是開和關。
我們制氧機儀控系統中，二位三通電磁閥用的zui多，它在中可用來接通或切斷氣  源，從而對氣動控制膜頭氣路進行切換。
它由閥體、閥罩、電磁組件、彈簧及密封結構等部件組成，動鐵芯底部的密封塊借助彈簧的壓力將閥體進氣口關閉。通電后，電磁鐵吸合，動鐵芯上部帶彈簧的密封塊把排氣口關閉，氣流從進氣口進入膜頭，起到控制作用。當失電時，電磁力消失，動鐵芯在彈簧力作用下離開固定鐵芯，向下移動，將排氣口打開，堵住進氣口，膜頭氣流經排氣口排出，膜片恢復原來位置。在我們的制氧設備中，在透平膨脹機進口薄膜調節閥的緊急切斷等處有應用。
四通電磁閥在我們的中應用也很多，其工作原理如下：
當有電流通過線圈時，產生勵磁作用，固定鐵芯吸合動鐵芯，動鐵芯帶動滑閥芯并壓縮彈簧，改變了滑閥芯的位置，從而改變了流體的方向。當線圈失電時，依靠彈簧的彈力推動滑閥芯，頂回動鐵芯，使流體按原來的方向流動。在我們制氧中，分子篩切換系統強制閥的開關就是通過二位四通電磁閥來控制的，氣流分別供強制閥的活塞兩端。從而來控制強制閥的啟閉。
電磁閥的故障將直接影響到切換閥和調節閥的動作，常見的故障有電磁閥不動作，應從以下幾方面排查：
電磁閥接線頭松動或線頭脫落，電磁閥不得電，可緊固線頭。
電磁閥線圈燒壞，可拆下電磁閥的接線，用萬用表測量，如果開路，則電磁閥線圈燒壞。原因有線圈受潮，引起緣不好而漏磁，造成線圈內電流過大而燒毀，因此要防止雨水進入電磁閥。此外，彈簧過硬，反作用力過大，線圈匝數太少，吸力不夠也可使得線圈燒毀。緊急處理時，可將線圈上的手動按鈕由正常工作時的“0”位打到“1”位，使得閥打開。
電磁閥卡住。電磁閥的滑閥套與閥芯的配合間隙很小（小于0.008mm），般都是單件裝配，當有機械雜質帶入或潤滑油太少時，很容易卡住。處理方法可用鋼絲從頭部小孔捅入，使其彈回。根本的解決方法是要將電磁閥拆下，取出閥芯及閥芯套，用CCI4清洗，使得閥芯在閥套內動作靈活。拆卸時應注意各部件的裝配順序及外部接線位置，以便重新裝配及接線正確，還要檢查油霧器噴油孔是否堵塞，潤滑油是否足夠。
漏氣。漏氣會造成空氣壓力不足，使得強制閥的啟閉困難，原因是密封墊片損壞或滑閥磨損而造成幾個空腔竄氣。
在處理切換系統的電磁閥故障時，應選擇適當的時機，等該電磁閥處于失電時進行處理，若在個切換間隙內處理不完，可將切換系統暫停，從容處理。
在氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)（或(huo)液路(lu)）上(shang)來說(shuo)(shuo)，兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)具有1個(ge)(ge)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔（接(jie)(jie)(jie)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源）、1個(ge)(ge)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔（提(ti)供(gong)給(gei)目標設(she)備(bei)(bei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源）、1個(ge)(ge)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔（般(ban)(ban)(ban)安裝(zhuang)個(ge)(ge)消聲(sheng)器(qi)(qi)，如果不(bu)怕噪音的(de)(de)(de)(de)話(hua)也(ye)可以(yi)不(bu)裝(zhuang)@_@）。兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)具有1個(ge)(ge)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔（接(jie)(jie)(jie)進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源）、1個(ge)(ge)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔和1個(ge)(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔（分(fen)別提(ti)供(gong)給(gei)目標設(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)源）、1個(ge)(ge)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔和1個(ge)(ge)反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)排(pai)(pai)(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔（安裝(zhuang)消聲(sheng)器(qi)(qi)）。對于(yu)小型(xing)(xing)自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)控(kong)制(zhi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)般(ban)(ban)(ban)選用(yong)8~12mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)工業膠氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)般(ban)(ban)(ban)選用(yong)日本SMC（點，不(bu)過是(shi)小日本的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)）、中國臺灣亞德(de)客(ke)（實(shi)惠，也(ye)不(bu)錯）或(huo)其它國產(chan)品(pin)牌等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)上(shang)來說(shuo)(shuo)，兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)（即(ji)單(dan)(dan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)），兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)般(ban)(ban)(ban)為(wei)(wei)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)（即(ji)雙線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)）。線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)(deng)(deng)般(ban)(ban)(ban)采用(yong)DC24V、AC220V等(deng)(deng)(deng)。兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)分(fen)為(wei)(wei)常(chang)(chang)閉型(xing)(xing)和常(chang)(chang)開型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)種(zhong)，常(chang)(chang)閉型(xing)(xing)指線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)沒通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)是(shi)斷(duan)(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，常(chang)(chang)開型(xing)(xing)指線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)沒通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)是(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。常(chang)(chang)閉型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)：給(gei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)旦(dan)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)就會斷(duan)(duan)開，這相當于(yu)“點動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。常(chang)(chang)開型(xing)(xing)兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)通(tong)(tong)(tong)單(dan)(dan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)：給(gei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)斷(duan)(duan)開，線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)旦(dan)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)就會接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，這也(ye)是(shi)“點動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)”。兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)：給(gei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)（正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔有氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)），即(ji)使(shi)給(gei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)仍然是(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)會直維(wei)持到給(gei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)止。給(gei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，則反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)（反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)出(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)孔有氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)），即(ji)使(shi)給(gei)反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)反(fan)(fan)(fan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)路(lu)仍然是(shi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)通(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)會直維(wei)持到給(gei)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為(wei)(wei)止。這相當于(yu)“自鎖”。基于(yu)兩(liang)位(wei)(wei)五(wu)(wu)(wu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)雙電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)這種(zhong)特(te)性，在設(she)計機電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)控(kong)制(zhi)回路(lu)或(huo)編制(zhi)PLC程序的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候，可以(yi)讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)作(zuo)1~2秒就可以(yi)了(le)，這樣可以(yi)保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁閥(fa)(fa)(fa)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)不(bu)容(rong)易損壞，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)補充吧