SICK壓力傳感器變送器是怎么接線的

    SICK壓力(li)傳感(gan)器(qi)變送器(qi)是怎么接線的(de)

    SICK壓力傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)/變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，很多初(chu)用者在傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)/變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的接(jie)線問題上都很糾結，擔(dan)心接(jie)錯以后，會導致傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)/變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)(qi)損壞，影響測量的準(zhun)確性。本篇(pian)文章(zhang)就壓力傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)/變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)(qi)接(jie)線問題跟(gen)大家(jia)探(tan)討下(xia)，教大家(jia)如何(he)處理二(er)線制、三線制和四線制傳感器(qi)(qi)(qi)/變(bian)送(song)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的接(jie)線問題。

    SICK壓(ya)(ya)力(li)傳感器(qi)/現如(ru)今常用的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)變送(song)(song)(song)器(qi)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)兩線(xian)的(de)(de)(de)，加帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源隔離器(qi)，輸(shu)出為4～20mA信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，變送(song)(song)(song)器(qi)有(you)二個(ge)輸(shu)入端(duan)一個(ge)接(jie)(jie)給定信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)，另一個(ge)接(jie)(jie)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。那(nei)么正確的(de)(de)(de)安裝方(fang)法是(shi)(shi)：壓(ya)(ya)力(li)變送(song)(song)(song)器(qi)一般輸(shu)出的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流4-20MA，0-20MA，或電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)0-5V，1-5V，0-10V等(deng)，通常電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流型(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)二線(xian)或四(si)(si)線(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)線(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)輸(shu)出。目前市的(de)(de)(de)變送(song)(song)(song)器(qi)很多(duo)是(shi)(shi)沒有(you)24VDC供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)，大部份是(shi)(shi)10V，有(you)些功耗較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)變送(song)(song)(song)器(qi)，10VDC的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源無法帶(dai)動(dong)，那(nei)么只(zhi)能外接(jie)(jie)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源24VDC。這樣變送(song)(song)(song)器(qi)就(jiu)出現了四(si)(si)個(ge)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)端(duan)子：供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)+，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)-，反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)+和反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)-。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流型(xing)(xing)(xing)四(si)(si)線(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)方(fang)式：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源+==供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)+；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源-==供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)-；信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)+==反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)+，信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)-==反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)-。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流型(xing)(xing)(xing)二線(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)比(bi)(bi)方(fang)式：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源+==供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)+；信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)+==反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)+，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)-==反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)-，如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)遠傳只(zhi)需接(jie)(jie)24V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)+，-，如(ru)果(guo)需要遠傳需要組成(cheng)回路(lu)，比(bi)(bi)如(ru)24V+接(jie)(jie)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表(biao)+，壓(ya)(ya)力(li)表(biao)-接(jie)(jie)4～20mA+，4～20mA-接(jie)(jie)24V-就(jiu)可(ke)(ke)以，可(ke)(ke)能中間(jian)有(you)端(duan)子，要看一下回路(lu)圖。。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)型(xing)(xing)(xing)三(san)線(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)方(fang)式：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源+==供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)+；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源-（信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)-）==供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)-；信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)+==反(fan)(fan)(fan)饋(kui)(kui)(kui)+，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源-（信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)-）。

    1、壓阻(zu)式力(li)傳(chuan)感器：電(dian)阻(zu)應(ying)變(bian)片(pian)是(shi)壓阻(zu)式應(ying)變(bian)傳(chuan)感器的(de)主(zhu)要組成部分之一。金屬電(dian)阻(zu)應(ying)變(bian)片(pian)的(de)工作(zuo)原理是(shi)吸附在(zai)基體材料上應(ying)變(bian)電(dian)阻(zu)隨機械(xie)形變(bian)而產(chan)生阻(zu)值變(bian)化的(de)現象，俗稱為電(dian)阻(zu)應(ying)變(bian)效應(ying)。

    2、陶(tao)(tao)瓷壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)傳(chuan)感器(qi)：陶(tao)(tao)瓷壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)傳(chuan)感器(qi)基于壓(ya)(ya)阻(zu)效應，壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)直接作用在(zai)陶(tao)(tao)瓷膜(mo)片(pian)的(de)前表(biao)面(mian)，使膜(mo)片(pian)產(chan)生(sheng)微小的(de)形變(bian)，厚膜(mo)電(dian)阻(zu)印(yin)刷在(zai)陶(tao)(tao)瓷膜(mo)片(pian)的(de)背面(mian)，連接成(cheng)一個(ge)惠斯通電(dian)橋，由于壓(ya)(ya)敏電(dian)阻(zu)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)阻(zu)效應，使電(dian)橋產(chan)生(sheng)一個(ge)與(yu)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)的(de)高度線(xian)性、與(yu)激勵電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)也成(cheng)正(zheng)比(bi)的(de)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)信號，標準的(de)信號根據壓(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)量(liang)程的(de)不同標定為2．0／3．0／3．3mV／V等，可以和(he)應變(bian)式傳(chuan)感器(qi)相兼容。

    3、擴散硅(gui)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)：擴散硅(gui)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)理也是(shi)基于壓(ya)(ya)阻效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)，利用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)阻效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)原(yuan)理，被測介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)直接作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)于傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)膜(mo)片上（不銹鋼或陶(tao)瓷），使膜(mo)片產生與介(jie)質(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)成正比的(de)微位移，使傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)電阻值發生變化，利用(yong)電子(zi)線路(lu)檢測這一變化，并(bing)轉換(huan)輸出一個對(dui)應(ying)(ying)于這一壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)標準測量(liang)信號(hao)。

    4、壓力傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)(gan)器(qi)：利用(yong)應(ying)變電阻式工作(zuo)原(yuan)理，采(cai)用(yong)硅－藍(lan)寶石作(zuo)為(wei)半(ban)導(dao)體敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)元件，具(ju)有的(de)(de)計量特性。因(yin)此，利用(yong)硅－藍(lan)寶石制造的(de)(de)半(ban)導(dao)體敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)元件，對溫度(du)變化(hua)不敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)，即使在(zai)高溫條件下，也有著(zhu)很好(hao)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)特性；藍(lan)寶石的(de)(de)抗輻射特性*；另(ling)外(wai)，硅－藍(lan)寶石半(ban)導(dao)體敏(min)感(gan)(gan)(gan)元件，無p－n漂移。

    5、壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)式(shi)壓(ya)力傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)：壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)效應是壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的主要(yao)工作原理(li)，壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)不(bu)能用于靜態(tai)測量(liang)，因(yin)為經過外力作用后的電(dian)(dian)荷，只(zhi)(zhi)有在(zai)回路具有無限大的輸入阻抗時才得到保(bao)存(cun)。實際的情況(kuang)不(bu)是這(zhe)樣的，所以這(zhe)決定(ding)了(le)壓(ya)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)只(zhi)(zhi)能夠測量(liang)動(dong)態(tai)的應力。

    上面五個不(bu)同(tong)種(zhong)類(lei)壓力傳感器的(de)工作原理都(dou)不(bu)同(tong)，它們(men)(men)分別應用(yong)的(de)地方也不(bu)同(tong)，下篇文章我們(men)(men)就(jiu)說(shuo)說(shuo)它們(men)(men)的(de)應用(yong)。

    用(yong)基于介(jie)觀(guan)壓(ya)(ya)阻效應的共振隧穿薄膜替代(dai)傳(chuan)統的壓(ya)(ya)阻式應變片(pian)作(zuo)為敏(min)感(gan)(gan)元件，通(tong)過理論(lun)分(fen)析和仿(fang)真計(ji)算(suan)驗證了該結構對(dui)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)靈敏(min)度(du)、固有(you)頻率的影響，從理論(lun)上證明了介(jie)觀(guan)壓(ya)(ya)阻效應原理可以提(ti)高壓(ya)(ya)力傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)的靈敏(min)度(du)，擴大其測量(liang)頻率的范圍。

    介觀(guan)壓阻效應及(ji)GaAs，AlAs/InGaAsDBRT結構(gou)薄膜

    介觀壓阻(zu)效應的定義為(wei)“等(deng)效電阻(zu)的應力調制"，等(deng)效電阻(zu)是(shi)對共振(zhen)隧效應的一種具體描(miao)述。由4個物理(li)過程組成：

   ; ①在力(li)學信號(hao)下，納米結構中的(de)應(ying)力(li)分布將發生變化(hua)；

    ②一定條件下(xia)應力變化可引起內(nei)建電(dian)場(chang)的產生；

    ③內建(jian)電場將導(dao)致(zhi)納米帶(dai)結(jie)構(gou)中量子(zi)能級發生變化(hua)；