IFM接近傳感器的種類有哪些

　　IFM接(jie)近傳感(gan)器的種類有哪些

　　IFM接近傳感器是一個以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極為檢測端的(de)經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容接近開關(guan)，它由高(gao)頻振(zhen)蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、檢波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、放大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路、整形電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路及輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路組成。

　　IFM接近(jin)傳感(gan)(gan)器平(ping)時(shi)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)大地(di)之(zhi)間存(cun)在一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量(liang)，它(ta)成(cheng)為(wei)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)一個組成(cheng)部分。當被檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)物體接近(jin)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)，由(you)于(yu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)加有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)就會受(shou)到(dao)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)應而產(chan)生(sheng)極(ji)(ji)(ji)化現(xian)象，被測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)物體越靠近(jin)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)，檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)感(gan)(gan)應電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷就越多(duo)。由(you)于(yu)檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)上的(de)(de)(de)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容為(wei)，所以隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)多(duo)，使檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C隨之(zhi)增(zeng)大。由(you)于(yu)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩頻(pin)率與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容成(cheng)反比，所以當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C增(zeng)大時(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩減弱(ruo)，甚至停止振(zhen)(zhen)蕩。振(zhen)(zhen)蕩電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)振(zhen)(zhen)蕩與(yu)停振(zhen)(zhen)這兩(liang)種狀(zhuang)態被檢(jian)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)轉換為(wei)開關信號后向外輸(shu)出。

　　IFM接近傳感器檢測的被測物體是(shi)金屬(shu)導(dao)體，非金屬(shu)導(dao)體不(bu)能用該方法測量(liang)。

　　IFM接近(jin)傳感(gan)(gan)器由(you)高頻振(zhen)蕩(dang)電(dian)(dian)路、檢(jian)(jian)(jian)波電(dian)(dian)路、放大電(dian)(dian)路、整形電(dian)(dian)路及輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)路組成。檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)用(yong)敏(min)感(gan)(gan)元(yuan)件為檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)，它(ta)是振(zhen)蕩(dang)電(dian)(dian)路的一個組成部分，振(zhen)蕩(dang)電(dian)(dian)路的振(zhen)蕩(dang)頻率為。當檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)通以(yi)交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)時，在檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的周圍就產(chan)生一個交(jiao)變的磁場，當金屬(shu)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)接近(jin)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)時，金屬(shu)物(wu)體(ti)(ti)就會(hui)產(chan)生電(dian)(dian)渦流而吸收磁場能量，使(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)測(ce)(ce)線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)L發生變化，從(cong)而使(shi)振(zhen)蕩(dang)電(dian)(dian)路的振(zhen)蕩(dang)頻率減小，以(yi)至停振(zhen)。振(zhen)蕩(dang)與停振(zhen)這兩(liang)種狀(zhuang)態經監測(ce)(ce)電(dian)(dian)路轉(zhuan)換為開關(guan)信號輸出(chu)。

　　需要(yao)注意的(de)是：與電容(rong)式接(jie)近傳感器(qi)(qi)相同，電感式接(jie)近傳感器(qi)(qi)檢(jian)測(ce)的(de)被測(ce)物(wu)體(ti)也(ye)是金(jin)屬導(dao)體(ti)，非金(jin)屬導(dao)體(ti)不能用該方法測(ce)量。振(zhen)幅(fu)變化隨(sui)目標(biao)物(wu)金(jin)屬種類(lei)而不同，因(yin)此檢(jian)測(ce)距(ju)離也(ye)隨(sui)目標(biao)物(wu)金(jin)屬的(de)種類(lei)而不同。

　　IFM接(jie)(jie)近傳感器發(fa)光(guang)(guang)二極(ji)管（或半導體(ti)激光(guang)(guang)管）的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)束軸線和光(guang)(guang)電三極(ji)管的(de)(de)軸線在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)平面上(shang)，并成(cheng)一(yi)定的(de)(de)夾角，兩軸線在(zai)傳感器前(qian)方(fang)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)于一(yi)點(dian)。當被檢測(ce)物體(ti)表面接(jie)(jie)近交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)點(dian)時，發(fa)光(guang)(guang)二極(ji)管的(de)(de)反(fan)射光(guang)(guang)被光(guang)(guang)電三極(ji)管接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)，產生電信號(hao)。當物體(ti)遠離交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)點(dian)時，反(fan)射區不在(zai)光(guang)(guang)電三極(ji)管的(de)(de)視(shi)角內，檢測(ce)電路(lu)沒有輸(shu)出。一(yi)般情況下(xia)，送給發(fa)光(guang)(guang)二極(ji)管的(de)(de)驅(qu)動電流并不是(shi)直(zhi)流電流，而是(shi)一(yi)定頻率(lv)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變電流，這樣，接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)電路(lu)得到的(de)(de)也是(shi)同頻率(lv)的(de)(de)交(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變信號(hao)。如果對接(jie)(jie)收(shou)(shou)來的(de)(de)信號(hao)進行(xing)濾波，只允(yun)許同頻率(lv)的(de)(de)信號(hao)通(tong)過(guo)，可以地防止其他雜光(guang)(guang)的(de)(de)干擾(rao)，并可以提高發(fa)光(guang)(guang)二極(ji)管的(de)(de)發(fa)光(guang)(guang)強度。

　　1，需要考慮測量(liang)對(dui)象和測量(liang)環(huan)境

　　范(fan)圍(wei)的(de)大(da)小，被測位(wei)(wei)置傳感器(qi)(qi)體積的(de)位(wei)(wei)置要(yao)(yao)求，測量(liang)(liang)方法是接觸式(shi)還是非接觸式(shi)，信(xin)號提取(qu)方法，有(you)線(xian)還是非接觸式(shi)測量(liang)(liang)，在確定(ding)了上述問題之后，您可以(yi)確定(ding)要(yao)(yao)使用(yong)的(de)傳感器(qi)(qi)類(lei)型，然后考慮傳感器(qi)(qi)的(de)特定(ding)性(xing)能指標(biao)。

　　2，線性范圍

　　線(xian)(xian)性(xing)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是指(zhi)輸出(chu)與輸入成比例的(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)越(yue)寬，范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)越(yue)大，并且在一(yi)定(ding)程(cheng)度上也可以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)測(ce)量精(jing)度。選擇傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)時(shi)，在確(que)定(ding)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)類型(xing)之后(hou)首先確(que)定(ding)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。是否(fou)滿足要求，但實際(ji)上沒有傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)可以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)絕對線(xian)(xian)性(xing)。當要求測(ce)量精(jing)度相對較(jiao)低時(shi)，具(ju)有較(jiao)小(xiao)非(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)誤差(cha)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)可以(yi)在一(yi)定(ding)范(fan)(fan)(fan)(fan)圍(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內近似為線(xian)(xian)性(xing)。

　　3，靈敏(min)度需(xu)要考慮(lv)

　　一(yi)般而(er)言，在傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)線(xian)性范圍內，靈敏(min)度(du)(du)越高越好(hao)(hao)，便(bian)于信號(hao)處理，但不能忽略一(yi)件事。傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)高靈敏(min)度(du)(du)意味著與測(ce)量無關(guan)的(de)(de)噪(zao)聲也(ye)容易混(hun)入(ru)，這會(hui)影(ying)響測(ce)量精度(du)(du)，因此，在選(xuan)擇(ze)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)時最好(hao)(hao)選(xuan)擇(ze)較高的(de)(de)信噪(zao)比，以地減(jian)小噪(zao)聲與外界無關(guan)的(de)(de)干擾信號(hao)。另外，傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)的(de)(de)靈敏(min)度(du)(du)是(shi)定向的(de)(de)。如(ru)果方向性很高，并且測(ce)量的(de)(de)是(shi)單個(ge)矢(shi)量，則(ze)最好(hao)(hao)選(xuan)擇(ze)在其他方向上靈敏(min)度(du)(du)較低(di)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)；如(ru)果測(ce)量的(de)(de)是(shi)多維矢(shi)量，則(ze)最好(hao)(hao)選(xuan)擇(ze)交叉(cha)靈敏(min)度(du)(du)低(di)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)

　　4，頻率響(xiang)應特性

　　要測(ce)量IFM接近(jin)傳(chuan)感(gan)器的(de)(de)頻率(lv)范圍由(you)頻率(lv)響應(ying)特性(xing)決定(ding)，并且必須(xu)在允許的(de)(de)頻率(lv)范圍內保(bao)持不(bu)失真。實際上，傳(chuan)感(gan)器的(de)(de)響應(ying)始終具有(you)固定(ding)的(de)(de)延遲。希(xi)望延遲時間盡可能短。傳(chuan)感(gan)器的(de)(de)高頻響應(ying)由(you)于可以測(ce)量的(de)(de)信號頻率(lv)范圍較寬，因此在選擇傳(chuan)感(gan)器時，信號的(de)(de)響應(ying)特性(xing)應(ying)基于信號的(de)(de)特性(xing)以避免過多的(de)(de)誤差(cha)。

　　5，精度

　　IFM接近傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)重要(yao)性(xing)能指標，它與(yu)整個(ge)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)系統的(de)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)精度有(you)關。一般而(er)言，傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)精度越高(gao)，價格越高(gao)，因此只要(yao)滿足整個(ge)測(ce)(ce)量(liang)系統的(de)精度要(yao)求，就(jiu)不(bu)必選IFM接近傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)。如(ru)果測(ce)(ce)量(liang)目的(de)是定性(xing)分析，請選擇可重復(fu)性(xing)高(gao)而(er)不(bu)是絕對的(de)高(gao)精度測(ce)(ce)量(liang)傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)。

　　6，穩定性

　　穩定性是指傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)在一段時間后保持其(qi)性能(neng)不變的(de)(de)能(neng)力。除了傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)本身的(de)(de)結構(gou)外，影響傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)穩定性的(de)(de)因素(su)也極大地影響了傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)的(de)(de)使用環境。因此，您應該在選擇模(mo)型之前研究其(qi)性能(neng)。使用環境，然后根(gen)據具體(ti)環境進行選擇，或采取某些措施以減少對環境的(de)(de)影響。