TURCK光電傳感器，德國圖爾克TURCK傳感器

光電傳感器是采用光電元件作為檢測元件的傳感器。它把被測量的變化轉換成光信號的變化，然后借助光電元件進步將光信號轉換成電信號。光電傳感器般由光源、光學通路和光電元件三部分組成。
光電檢測方法具有精度高、反應快、非接觸等優點，而且可測參數多，傳感器的結構簡單，形式靈活多樣，因此,光電式傳感器在檢測和控制中應用非常廣泛。 　　光電傳感器是各種光電檢測系統中實現光電轉換的關鍵元件，它是把光信號（紅外、可見及紫外光輻射）轉變成為電信號的器件。 　　光電式傳感器是以光電器件作為轉換元件的傳感器。它可用于檢測直接引起光量變化的非電量，如光強、光照度、輻射測溫、氣體成分分析等；也可用來檢測能轉換成光量變化的其他非電量，如零件直徑、表面粗糙度、應變、位移、振動、速度、加速度，以及物體的形狀、工作狀態的識別等。光電式傳感器具有非接觸、響應快、可靠等特點，因此在工業自動化裝置和機器人中獲得廣泛應用。近年來，新的光電器件不斷涌現，特別是CCD圖像傳感器的誕生，為光電傳感器的進步應用開創了新的頁。
 

TURCK光電傳感器，德國圖爾克TURCK傳感器　　由光通量對光電元件的作用原理[1]不同所制成的光學測控系統是多種多樣的,按光電元件（光學測控系統）輸出量性質可分二類,即模擬式光電傳感器和脈沖（開關）式光電傳感器.模擬式光電傳感器是將被測量轉換  光電傳感器
成連續變化的光電流,它與被測量間呈單值關系.模擬式光電傳感器按被測量（檢測目標物體）方法可分為透射（吸收）式,漫反射式,遮光式（光束阻檔）三大類.所謂透射式是指被測物體放在光路中,恒光源發出的光能量穿過被測物,部份被吸收后,透射光投射到光電元件上;所謂漫反射式是指恒光源發出的光投射到被測物上,再從被測物體表面反射后投射到光電元件上;所謂遮光式是指當光源發出的光通量經被測物光遮其中部份,使投射剄光電元件上的光通量改變,改變的程度與被測物體在光路位置有關. 　　光敏二極管是zui常見的光傳感器。光敏二極管的外型與般二極管樣，只是它的管殼上開有個嵌著玻璃的窗口，以便于光線射入，為增加受光面積，PN結的面積做得較大，光敏二極管工作在反向偏置的工作狀態下，并與負載電阻相串聯，當無光照時，它與普通二極管樣，反向電流很小（<&micro;A），稱為光敏二極管的暗電流；當有光照時，載流子被激發，產生電子-空穴，稱為光電  光電傳感器
載流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子。在外電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場的(de)(de)作用下，光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)載流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)子參于導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，形成比(bi)(bi)暗(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)大(da)(da)(da)得多的(de)(de)反(fan)(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，該反(fan)(fan)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)稱(cheng)(cheng)為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)與光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)強度成正(zheng)比(bi)(bi)，于是在負載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻上就能(neng)得到隨(sui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)強度變化(hua)而變化(hua)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)。 　　光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)除了具有光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)能(neng)將光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)信(xin)號(hao)轉換成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)外，還(huan)有對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信(xin)號(hao)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)三管(guan)的(de)(de)外型與般三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)相差不大(da)(da)(da)，般光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)敏(min)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)只引(yin)出兩個(ge)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)——發(fa)射(she)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，基極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)不引(yin)出，管(guan)殼同樣開窗口，以(yi)便光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)線(xian)射(she)入。為增大(da)(da)(da)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)，基區面積做得很大(da)(da)(da)，發(fa)射(she)區較(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)，入射(she)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)主要(yao)被基區吸收。工(gong)作時(shi)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結反(fan)(fan)偏(pian)，發(fa)射(she)結正(zheng)偏(pian)。在無(wu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)管(guan)子流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)為暗(an)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Iceo=（1+β）Icbo（很小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)），比(bi)(bi)般三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)的(de)(de)穿透電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)還(huan)小(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)；當有光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)照(zhao)(zhao)時(shi)，激發(fa)大(da)(da)(da)量的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子-空穴對(dui)，使(shi)得基極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)產生的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ib增大(da)(da)(da)，此刻(ke)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過管(guan)子的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)稱(cheng)(cheng)為光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Ic=（1+β）Ib，可見(jian)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)三極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)要(yao)比(bi)(bi)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)二極(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)管(guan)具有更高的(de)(de)靈敏(min)度。