SMC氣缸 單桿雙作用特長及應用
功能特點:
由于氣缸的使用目的不同，氣缸的構造也是多種多樣的，但使用最多的是單桿雙作用氣缸。下面就以單桿雙作用氣缸為例，說明氣缸氣緩沖。
當活塞反向向左運動時，緩沖密封圈的作用如同單向閥一樣，氣壓力壓開緩沖密封圈的唇部，允許壓縮空氣流向活塞，推動活塞返回。因緩沖密封圈有節流作用，為使活塞能迅速返回，緩沖行程不宜長。
運動件質量大、運動速度很高的氣缸，僅靠氣緩沖不能吸收過大的沖擊能時，必須在外部設置緩沖裝置（如液壓緩沖器）或采用緩沖回路來解決。
氣缸在行程末端的運動速度較大時，僅靠緩沖墊已不足以吸收活塞隊端蓋的沖擊力，可在缸內設置氣緩沖裝置。氣緩沖裝置是由緩沖套、緩沖密封圈和緩沖閥等組成，
對小缸徑長行程氣缸，沒有緩沖閥，在端蓋上開有很小的橫節流孔。當活塞運動到行程末端，由于排氣不暢而形成較大背壓，也可起到氣緩沖作用，這種結構稱為不可調氣緩沖氣缸。加大恒節流孔，可使氣缸的運動速度增大
圖所示是SMC CM2系列雙作用氣缸的結構原理圖，它由缸筒、端蓋、活塞、活塞桿和密封件組成——這也是組成氣缸的五大部分！氣緩沖氣缸
當活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)向右(you)運動時(shi)(shi)，右(you)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)套接觸右(you)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)密封圈，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)右(you)側便形(xing)成一個封閉氣(qi)室，稱為緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腔。此緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腔內的(de)氣(qi)體(ti)只能通過緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)排(pai)出。當緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)開度很小時(shi)(shi)，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腔向外(wai)排(pai)氣(qi)很少，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)繼續右(you)行，則緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)腔內氣(qi)體(ti)處于(yu)絕熱(re)壓(ya)縮，使腔內壓(ya)力較快(kuai)上升。此壓(ya)力對活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)產生(sheng)反作用力，從而使活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)減(jian)(jian)速，直至停止，避免或減(jian)(jian)輕(qing)了(le)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)對缸(gang)蓋的(de)撞擊，達到了(le)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)目的(de)。調(diao)節緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)的(de)開度，可(ke)(ke)改變緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力，故(gu)帶緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)的(de)氣(qi)缸(gang)，稱為可(ke)(ke)調(diao)緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)氣(qi)缸(gang)。緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)順時(shi)(shi)針回轉，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力增(zeng)強，逆時(shi)(shi)針回轉，緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)能力減(jian)(jian)弱(ruo)。緩(huan)(huan)(huan)沖(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)閥(fa)節流過大，活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)接近(jin)行程終端前，可(ke)(ke)能會出現(xian)(xian)彈跳(tiao)現(xian)(xian)象，需(xu)注意(yi)。

SMC氣缸 單桿雙作用特長及應用